Astigmatism is a common refractive error affecting the eye's ability to focus light correctly. Unlike nearsightedness (myopia) and farsightedness (hyperopia), astigmatism isn't solely about the eye's length; it's about the shape of the cornea (the front surface of the eye) and, less frequently, the lens. Instead of being perfectly round like a basketball, a cornea with astigmatism is more like a football, causing blurred vision at all distances. But what makes this condition worsen? Let's delve into the factors that can contribute to a change or worsening of astigmatism.
Is Astigmatism Always Progressive?
It's crucial to understand that astigmatism isn't always progressive. Many individuals are born with astigmatism that remains relatively stable throughout their lives. However, for some, the condition can worsen, particularly during childhood and adolescence when the eye is still developing. After the eye finishes growing, usually in the early twenties, the degree of astigmatism tends to stabilize.
What Factors Can Contribute to Worsening Astigmatism?
Several factors can potentially contribute to a change in the degree of astigmatism:
Eye Growth and Development:
- Childhood and Adolescence: The most significant factor is the eye's growth and development during childhood and adolescence. As the eye grows, the shape of the cornea can change, potentially increasing or decreasing the astigmatism. This is why regular eye exams are essential for children and teenagers.
Corneal Changes:
- Eye Injuries: Trauma to the eye, such as a corneal abrasion or laceration, can significantly alter the cornea's shape, leading to a change or worsening of astigmatism.
- Eye Diseases: Certain eye conditions like keratoconus (a thinning and bulging of the cornea) can cause significant and progressive astigmatism. Other corneal diseases can also influence corneal shape and therefore astigmatism.
- Refractive Surgery Complications: While refractive surgery like LASIK can correct astigmatism, complications can sometimes occur, leading to irregular astigmatism that might be worse than before the procedure.
Other Factors:
- Genetics: A family history of astigmatism increases the likelihood of developing or having a worsening of the condition. While genetics plays a role in the initial development, it doesn't entirely explain progression in all cases.
- Environmental Factors: While not definitively proven, some researchers suggest potential links between environmental factors and corneal shape changes, although more research is needed in this area.
Does Eye Strain Cause Astigmatism to Get Worse?
No. Eye strain does not cause astigmatism to worsen. Eye strain is a symptom of uncorrected refractive errors, including astigmatism, but it doesn't directly change the shape of the cornea or lens. Treating the underlying astigmatism with glasses, contact lenses, or refractive surgery will alleviate eye strain symptoms.
Can Astigmatism Be Corrected?
While astigmatism cannot be cured, it can be effectively corrected with various methods:
- Eyeglasses: These are the most common and simplest correction method. They use specially designed lenses to compensate for the irregular curvature of the cornea.
- Contact Lenses: Contact lenses sit directly on the eye's surface, offering sharper vision than glasses for some individuals, especially those with high astigmatism. Toric contact lenses are specifically designed to correct astigmatism.
- Refractive Surgery: Procedures like LASIK or PRK can permanently reshape the cornea to correct astigmatism. However, it is important to discuss the risks and benefits with an ophthalmologist.
Regular Eye Exams are Crucial:
Regular comprehensive eye exams are vital for monitoring astigmatism and detecting any changes. Early detection of worsening astigmatism allows for timely intervention to maintain clear and comfortable vision. If you notice any changes in your vision, especially blurring or distortion, schedule an appointment with your eye care professional immediately. They can accurately assess your condition and recommend the appropriate treatment.
